Twenty-five years ago Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen used the concept of ‘missing women’ to
highlight the gender bias in mortality that results in a huge deficit of women in substantial
parts of Asia and Africa. It was an innovative and novel way to use the sex ratios to assess the
cumulative effect of gender bias in mortality by estimating the additional number of females
of all ages who would be alive if there had been equal treatment of the sexes. Sen classified
those additional numbers of women as ‘missing’ because they had died as a result of
discrimination in the allocation of survival-related goods (Sen, 1990, 1992).
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