ISAS South Asia Discussion Papers

Spread across 2,400 kilometres and five Asian countries – Bhutan, China, India, Nepal and Pakistan – the trans-Himalayan region is one of the most critical mountain systems in the world. These countries are involved in border disputes and face growing pressure on water availability.

This edition of South Asia Discussion Papers draws analysis from the roundtables organised in 2021 on the security and water challenges in the region. It examines the region’s key challenges in governance, security, and water management. It also looks at the implications of these challenges on the stability of the region.